[Medium and Long-term Carbon Emission Projections and Emission Reduction Potential Analysis of the Lingang Special Area Based on the LEAP Model].

Based on the existing statistical data of the Lingang Special Area in Shanghai and considering its future socio-economic development， industrial structure， and technological development， a LEAP-Lingang model was developed to analyze the evolution trends of energy demand and carbon emissions under the baseline scenario， low-carbon scenario， and enhanced low-carbon scenario. To enhance the prediction accuracy of the model， the Logistic population growth model was used to predict future population data， and the learning curve model was used to simulate the cost evolution trend of related carbon reduction technologies. In addition， an economic evaluation model for carbon reduction technologies was developed， and the economic costs and emission reduction potential of typical carbon reduction technologies were evaluated by drawing a marginal emission reduction cost curve. The results showed that under the enhanced low-carbon scenario， the renewable energy accounted for 69% of the primary energy consumption， and the electric energy accounted for 91% of the terminal energy demand in 2060. The Lingang Special Area could achieve carbon peak by 2030， and the carbon emissions in 2060 were predicted to decrease by 94% compared to that in the baseline scenario. In terms of contribution to emission reduction， clean energy substitution， industrial structure optimization， and terminal energy efficiency improvement played a key role in reducing carbon emissions near the port. In the medium term （until 2035）， they were predicted to contribute 35.1%， 27.3%， and 16.2% of carbon emissions， respectively， and in the long term （until 2060）， they should contribute 50.6%， 8.75%， and 7.7% of carbon emissions， respectively. Regarding specific carbon reduction technologies， hydrogen power generation； water electrolysis for hydrogen； and carbon capture， utilization， and storage （CCUS） technology were of great significance for achieving net-zero emissions， but the costs of emission reduction were relatively high. The research results can provide ideas and references for the low-carbon and green development of the Lingang Special Area and related areas.

Polysaccharide-Based Coating with Excellent Antibiofilm and Repeatable Antifouling-Bactericidal Properties for Treating Infected Hernia.

In recent years, the utilization of medical devices has gradually increased and implantation procedures have become common treatments. However, patients are susceptible to the risk of implant infections. This study utilized chemical grafting to immobilize polyethylenimine (QPEI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface of the mesh to improve biocompatibility while being able to achieve antifouling antimicrobial effects. From the in vitro testing, PP-PDA-Q-HA exhibited a high antibacterial ratio of 93% against S. aureus, 93% against E. coli, and 85% against C. albicans. In addition, after five rounds of antimicrobial testing, the coating continued to exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties; PP-PDA-Q-HA also inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilms. In addition, PP-PDA-Q-HA has good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. In vivo studies in animal implantation infection models also demonstrated the excellent antimicrobial properties of PP-PDA-Q-HA. Our study provides a promising strategy for the development of antimicrobial surface medical materials with excellent biocompatibility.

Adsorption of trichloroethylene and benzene vapors onto hypercrosslinked polymeric resin.

In this research, the adsorption equilibria of trichloroethylene (TCE) and benzene vapors onto hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (NDA201) were investigated by the column adsorption method in the temperature range from 303 to 333 K and pressures up to 8 kPa for TCE, 12 kPa for benzene. The Toth and Dubinin-Astakov (D-A) equations were tested to correlate experimental isotherms, and the experimental data were found to fit well by them. The good fits and characteristic curves of D-A equation provided evidence that a pore-filling phenomenon was involved during the adsorption of TCE and benzene onto NDA-201. Moreover, thermodynamic properties such as the Henry's constant and the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption were calculated. The isosteric enthalpy curves varied with the surface loading for each adsorbate, indicating that the hypercrosslinked polymeric resin has an energetically heterogeneous surface. In addition, a simple mathematic model developed by Yoon and Nelson was applied to investigate the breakthrough behavior on a hypercrosslinked polymeric resin column at 303 K and the calculated breakthrough curves were in high agreement with corresponding experimental data.

Removal of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by ultrasound.

Experiments on the removal of organic matters and ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by ultrasound irradiation were carried out. The effects of COD reduction and ammonia removal of power input, initial concentration, initial pH and aeration were studied. It was found that the sonolysis of organic matters proceeds via reaction with ()OH radicals; a thermal reaction also occurs with a small contribution. The rise of COD at some intervals could be explained by the complexity of organic pollutant sonolysis in landfill leachate. Ultrasonic irradiation was shown to be an effective method for the removal of ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate. After 180 min ultrasound irradiation, up to 96% ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency can be obtained. It was found that the mechanism of ammonia nitrogen removal by ultrasound irradiation is largely that the free ammonia molecules in leachate enter into the cavitation bubbles and transform into nitrogen molecules and hydrogen molecules via pyrolysis under instant high temperature and high pressure in the cavitation bubbles.

[Construction of the expression vectors of HDV ribozymes and their intracellular inhibiting activity against HCV RNA].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether HDV ribozymes can intracellularly inhibit HCV RNA. METHODS: The mammalian expression vectors, pC1-RzC1, pC1-RzC2 and pC1-RzC3, containing ribozymes cDNA of RzC1, RzC2, and RzC3, were constructed targeting different HCV-5' NCR-C RNA regions. Then the HCV-positive fetal hepatocytes were transfected with these plasmids using liposome-mediated method. The inhibitory effects of HDV ribozymes were evaluated by HCV RNA quantitation in cultured cells and the supernatants. RESULTS: (1) All the three HDV ribozymes were inserted into the expression vector. (2) Fetal hepatocytes were infected with HCV proven by RT-PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR and expressed HCV NS3 and NS5 antigens by immunocytochemistry. (3) HDV ribozymes inhibited the activity of the target HCV RNA at expect positions in HCV-positive hepatocytes. At 0.5 micromol/L, the inhibitory rate of pC1-RzC1, pC1-RzC2, and pC1-RzC3 was 53.2%, 50.5 %, and 10.6% respectively. PC1-RzC1 was used continuously for one week, showing the inhibitory rate of 60.7%, 64.2%, 68.4%, 71.9%, 78.8% and 83.1% on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th day. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory activity of pC1-RzC1 (107-113nt) and pC1-RzC2 (268-274nt) is greater than that of pC1-RzC3 (345-351nt) in HCV-positive hepatocytes.

Activity of HDV ribozymes to trans-cleave HCV RNA.

AIM: To explore whether HDV ribozymes have the ability to trans-cleave HCV RNA. METHODS: Three HDV genomic ribozymes were designed and named RzC1, RzC2 and RzC3. The substrate RNA contained HCV RNA 5'-noncoding region and 5'-fragment of C region (5'-NCR-C). All the ribozymes and HCV RNA 5'-NCR-C were obtained by transcription in vitro from their DNA templates, and HCV RNA 5'-NCR-C was radiolabelled at its 5'-end. Under certain pH, temperature, appropriate concentration of Mg(2+) and deionized formamide, these ribozymes were respectively or simultaneously mixed with HCV RNA 5'-NCR-C and reacted for a certain time. The trans-cleavage reaction was stopped at different time points, and the products were separated with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), displayed by autoradiography. Percentage of trans-cleaved products was measured to indicate the activity of HDV ribozymes. RESULTS: RzC1 and RzC2 could trans-cleave 26 % and 21.8 % of HCV RNA 5'-NCR-C under our reaction conditions with 2.5 mol.L(-1) deionized formamide respectively. The percentage of HCV RNA 5'-NCR-C trans-cleaved by RzC1, RzC2 or combined usage of the three ribozymes increased with time, up to 24.9 %, 20.3 % and 37.3 % respectively at 90 min point. Almost no product from RzC3 was observed. CONCLUSION: HDV ribozymes are able to trans-cleave specifically HCV RNA at certain sites under appropriate conditions, and combination of several ribozymes aiming at different target sites can trans-cleave the substrate more efficiently than using only one of them.